自制超级电容
超级电容是容量在法拉级体积却很小的电容，现在被广泛用于后备电源甚至公共汽车的电源。这种貌似很神秘的高科技其实结构很简单，就是活性炭加电解液，甚至可以在家里自制，看看这个老外自制超级电容的文章吧，非常简单，它用的是从鱼缸店买来的过滤器中的活性炭，其实很多其他地方也有活性炭，拿来用是一样的。大家不妨一试：
http://www.jameco.com/Jameco/PressRoom/Puzzler7correct.html
When electronics instructor Ollie Circuits arrived at the pet store, he headed straight to the aquarium section. There he found just what he needed to complete his do-it-yourself super capacitor, a sheet of activated carbon filter material used to purify water in an aquarium.
How It Works
To make C1, Ollie first cut four 2-inch squares of paper towel and five 1.75-inch squares of activated carbon aquarium filter material. He stacked the paper and activated carbon filter squares as shown in Fig. 2. He then placed the two PC boards as shown in Fig. 2 (copper sides facing toward one another) to form a sandwich-like structure that he held together with a rubber band. After the assembly was ready, he dripped some lemon juice into the four sides of the sandwich.
Figure 2. How the homemade super capacitor is assembled.
Ollie's super capacitor demonstration circuit is shown in Fig. 3. In operation, C1 is charged by switching S1 to position 1 for a minute. This will charge C1 to about 3.3 volts. When S1 is switched to position 2, the LED will glow for 15 seconds or more. C1 can then be recharged for another cycle.
Figure 3. The mystery component in Figure 1 is a homemade super capacitor like the one shown in Fig. 2 and used here as C1.
Background
Many web sites describe the theory and operation of super capacitors, which are also known as ultra capacitors and by various other names. For example, see Electropaedia, Wikipedia, Ultracapacitors.org
Going Further
Details about the do-it-yourself super capacitor can be found in reference 1. The circuit in Fig. 3 can be easily modified by connecting B1 and the LED directly to terminals 1 and 2 of S1 and by moving R1 (1K) between C1 and S1. (R2 is not needed in this arrangement.) Just be sure that the LED is connected to C1 through a current limiting resistor.
You can experiment with the design and construction of C1. For example, do the layers constitute separate capacitors in series? Can the more layers be added to increase the voltage C1 can store? Can the capacitance be increased by increasing the area of the layers? What happens when you use an electrolyte other than lemon juice?
Reference
1. Forrest M. Mims III, "Super Capacitor," Science and Communication Circuits & Projects, Radio Shack and Master Publishing, 2007, p. 17.
About the Author
Forrest M. Mims III has been an electronics and science writer and photographer since 1969. He received an IR 100 Award from Industrial Research Magazine for developing an eyeglass-mounted infrared travel aid for the blind. He received a Rolex Award in 1993 for developing a handheld instrument that measured the ozone layer accurately enough to find an error in a NASA ozone satellite. He was named by Discover Magazine (December 2008) as one of the "50 Best Brains in Science." See his home page and publications here and follow him on Twitter.
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http://www.jameco.com/Jameco/PressRoom/Puzzler7correct.html
When electronics instructor Ollie Circuits arrived at the pet store, he headed straight to the aquarium section. There he found just what he needed to complete his do-it-yourself super capacitor, a sheet of activated carbon filter material used to purify water in an aquarium.
How It Works
To make C1, Ollie first cut four 2-inch squares of paper towel and five 1.75-inch squares of activated carbon aquarium filter material. He stacked the paper and activated carbon filter squares as shown in Fig. 2. He then placed the two PC boards as shown in Fig. 2 (copper sides facing toward one another) to form a sandwich-like structure that he held together with a rubber band. After the assembly was ready, he dripped some lemon juice into the four sides of the sandwich.
Figure 2. How the homemade super capacitor is assembled.
Ollie's super capacitor demonstration circuit is shown in Fig. 3. In operation, C1 is charged by switching S1 to position 1 for a minute. This will charge C1 to about 3.3 volts. When S1 is switched to position 2, the LED will glow for 15 seconds or more. C1 can then be recharged for another cycle.
Figure 3. The mystery component in Figure 1 is a homemade super capacitor like the one shown in Fig. 2 and used here as C1.
Background
Many web sites describe the theory and operation of super capacitors, which are also known as ultra capacitors and by various other names. For example, see Electropaedia, Wikipedia, Ultracapacitors.org
Going Further
Details about the do-it-yourself super capacitor can be found in reference 1. The circuit in Fig. 3 can be easily modified by connecting B1 and the LED directly to terminals 1 and 2 of S1 and by moving R1 (1K) between C1 and S1. (R2 is not needed in this arrangement.) Just be sure that the LED is connected to C1 through a current limiting resistor.
You can experiment with the design and construction of C1. For example, do the layers constitute separate capacitors in series? Can the more layers be added to increase the voltage C1 can store? Can the capacitance be increased by increasing the area of the layers? What happens when you use an electrolyte other than lemon juice?
Reference
1. Forrest M. Mims III, "Super Capacitor," Science and Communication Circuits & Projects, Radio Shack and Master Publishing, 2007, p. 17.
About the Author
Forrest M. Mims III has been an electronics and science writer and photographer since 1969. He received an IR 100 Award from Industrial Research Magazine for developing an eyeglass-mounted infrared travel aid for the blind. He received a Rolex Award in 1993 for developing a handheld instrument that measured the ozone layer accurately enough to find an error in a NASA ozone satellite. He was named by Discover Magazine (December 2008) as one of the "50 Best Brains in Science." See his home page and publications here and follow him on Twitter.
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